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The choral concerto (Russian: , ', Ukraininan: , ', occasionally known as "vocal concerto" or "church concerto") is a genre of sacred music which arose in Russian Empire in the middle of the seventeenth century and remained popular into the early nineteenth century. Choral concertos are short compositions for unaccompanied voices, typically containing multiple and distinct sections, with occasional soloistic interludes. The text of the compositions was usually selected from the psalms and other biblical texts, with occasional settings from feast day sequences. Choral concertos were intended for liturgical use; they were sung at the point in the Divine Liturgy when clergy were taking Holy Communion, before the Communion of the faithful. Despite their name, they do not necessarily have to conform to the concerto style in Western classical music. The works were extremely varied in style, incorporating such diverse elements as folk music, popular song, dance, and march music; this adaptability contributed to the longevity and popularity of the choral concerto as a genre. ==Background== Eastern Orthodox music has ancient Byzantine roots, with a particular focus on chants. Traditions such as Znamenny chant are uniquely Russian, and are a distinguishing feature of Russian Orthodox church music. Russia also has a rich culture of folk music. The sacred chants and the polyphony (multi-part singing) found in much folk and secular music were difficult to reconcile. The Church eventually relaxed its restrictions on the performance of sacred polyphonic music, and multi-part church music began to develop in the seventeenth century. However, the Greek Orthodox Church ban on the use of musical instruments remained in effect. This prohibition was a result of a desire to remain faithful to ancient Jewish traditions. In the long eighteenth century, Russian church music underwent a period of Westernisation; the near-ubiquity of Italian music contributed to this, as did the transmission of polyphonic singing from Catholic Poland into Orthodox Ukraine and Russia. The popularity of this music, as well as the widespread acceptance of Russian polyphonic church music, led to an almost complete cessation in the use of traditional chant. Rising nationalism contributed to a deeper interest in folk music, from both ideological and aesthetic viewpoints. The eighteenth century saw the adoption of folk tunes into so-called "high genres", such as symphonies, cantatas, oratorios and ''opera seria''. However, the desire to create a high "para-liturgical" genre, comparable with Western European masses, requiems and passions, remained unfulfilled. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「choral concerto」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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